Brake



ug. 7, 1945. A. s. EDMoNDs 2,381,654

BRAKE Filed July 25, 1942' sheets-sheet 1 A. S. EDMONDS Aug BRAKE Filed July 25, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. ,45m/RY 5. [offro/vas A T/awx Patented Aug. 7, 1945 FICEV] BRAKE s v Y AsbayS-vEdinonaa New York, N. Y. f Application July 25, 1942, serial No. 452,277

The present invention relates tofbrakes for rotatingv wheels and in .particular to brakes for the wheelsA of `automotive vehicles. `-l-Iydraulically operated brakes, although widely used on vehicles suchvas automobiles and trucks have serious inherent disadvantages. The master cylinder of a hydraulic .brake system`mustlbe connected with the operating cylindersA of each ybrake" by means of uid type conduitslwhich are subjected to high fluid Apressure when the brakes are applied. If any -of4 theA conduits vis broken or punctured or develops aleak, the brake iiuid is permitted 'to escape,rendering thebrakes on all wheels v inoperative. This vdisadvantage is particularly `serious when vehiclesare used in warfare Where they must go over; rough'terrain and obstaclesl that may damage the brake uid conduits, and where the. iluid conduits are liable to damage by bullets or by shellor bomb fragments. f V

l `An `object of the present invention is to provide C lA a mechanically operated brake avoidinglthe disadvantages of hydraulic operation. A `further object of the invention is to provide brakes have ing `maximum braking acticnwith minimum application-of force to and traveliof the brake operating pedals. `An objection to which mechanical brakes have heretofore been subject is 'that 'the mechanical advantage ofthe linkage vsystem connecting the brake pedal with the brake shoe, i. e.,

the ratio of ltraveliofl the=ped`al to the travel of x the shoe mustbe hghin order to obtain adequate braking action andthe high.v mechanical `advantage or leverageirequires ythe brake-pedal to be moved throughf a correspondingly great distance to apply the brakes. shoes becomeworn, the brake pedal may. be "incapable of bringinglthe brakeshoes linto eiiective engagementwith the brake drum', making necessarythey lfrequent` adjustment of the brake lto compensate for wear. `These objectionsare overcome by thebrake of the presenti invention wherein effective braking action is obtained with relatively low leverage, requiringlesser movement of` the brake Spedal and leaving a greater portion ofthe permissiblelrange of movementofvsaid pedal availablefor taking; up slack arising from wear of the brake` shoe lining. Y Moreover, as the shoeis moved a greater distanceI for each increment of movement of the brake pedal, it is` brought more quickly into engagement with the brake drum as a lesser movement of the pedal isrequired for this purpose-. By reason ofthese advantageous characteristicsthe brakes require no adjustment ,toccompensate for.` wear, except at infrequent intervals..l i ,.1 i I.

As the linings of the brake 'solaims. (o1. 18s-79.5) c s l The effectiveness 'of the brakes of the present action obtained. A usual arrangement is for both of thecustomary. two. shoes of av brake to'be actuated` by a cani4 attheir adjacent `ends,.vvith the result that one of the `shoes is a primary shoe, the braking-action of which is increased by .the forward revolution ofrthewheel, while the other is a secondary shoe, the braking action of which is .decreased by theforwardurevolution ofthe wheel.K The braking action of the second shoe is h ence less than that of thefirst, and the vwear on the primary shoe is correspondingly greater. In the'lbrake of the` present invention, both shoes are primary shoes so that the `combined braking action` isgreater and the braking action and the wearer the two shoes are equal.

l A cooperating factor contributing to the effectiveness ofthe brake of thepresent invention is thatlthe linkage system of the brake by which the` force` for loperating the brake is applied to press the brake shoesagainst the brake drum is extremelysimple in construction and is so arranged` that the force is transmitted in a direct line from one element to another in a direction substantially coincident with the direction of movement of the respectiveelements so that a maximumproportion ofvthe `force applied lto the brake pedalis utilized to produce effective ybraking pressure..v i A l A further,` cooperating feature contributing Ato the high efliciency `of the brakes in accordance with the presentinvention is a novel arrangement 4forV adjusting the brake shoes so that each shoe maygbe speedily and accurately positioned with respect to thebrake drum to -obtain even wear, uniform contact and maximum braking action.

. Other objects and advantages of the invention will beunderstood froml the following description of the embodiment selected by way ofexample, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is anlelevationof the'brakemech'anism as seen from the inner or wheel side'of the `brake Withthe brake drum shownlin cross section.

f Fig. lAlis a fragmentary elevation correspond- Fig. 6 is a sectional view through the adjustingA mechanism taken on the line 6-6 in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view partially in section taken approximately on the line 1-1 in Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on the line 8-8 in Fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken on the line 9-9 in Fig. 5.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary elevational view showing a modification.

Fig.` 11 is a sectional view taken on the line II-II in Fig. 10.

The embodiment of the invention shown by way of example in Figs. 1 to 4 has a back plate I, having holes 2 for securing it to a fixed portion of the vehicle adjacent the wheel, as for example, the front axle or the rear axle housing.A

A brake drum 3 is' secured to and rotates with the vehicle wheel. On the inner side of the back plate and in the space enclosed by the back plate, the brake drum and the wheel, there are provided -two brake shoes 4 and 5 having flange portions 6 and 1 with lining 8 and 9 and web portions I9 and II. The brake shoes are loosely supported on the back plate and adapted to pivot about pivot members I2 and I3 disposed at diametrically opposite sides of the back plate. It will be seen that each of the brake shoes has at the end adjacent the pivot a concave arcuate bearing surface I4, I adapted to engage a convex arcuate bearing surface on the pivot member I2, I3. At the other or free end of each brake shoe, the web portion I0, II, is provided with a bifurcated extension carrying a roller I6, I1 adapted to be engaged by the operative mechanism for moving the brake shoes about their pivots into engagement with the brake drum 3.

As shown in Figs'. 1 and 4, the operating mechanism comprises a rocker shaft I8, as rotatably supported by bearings I9 and 20, with its axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the vehicle wheel. On the rocker shaft I8 there is mounted a' rocker arm 2| with which is connected a tension member shown in the form of -a cable 22 having at its end a ball 23 received in a bifurcated socket 24 at the outer end of the rocker arm. The cable 22 is connected to a brake pedal or lever (not shown) through suitable equalizing means such as that shown in U. S. Patent No. 2,227,301 for equalizing the braking action on all of the braked wheels of the vehicle, and thus transmits force from the pedal to the brake mechanism. It will be seen that the rocker arm 2| and adjacent portions of shaft I9 are located in a blister 25 protruding on the outer side of the backing plate I, and that the cable 22 extends out through the wall of the blister in` a straight line which is approximately perpendicular to the plane dened by the axis of shaft I8 and the radius of arm 2|. As the force applied tothe outer ends of the rocker arm is in 9, plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the vehicle wheel and in a direction substantially perpendicular to the radius of the rocker arm, it will be seen that the pull of the cable is thus substantially in line with the direction of movement of the outer end of said arm, so that the full force of the cable tension is applied to rock the shaft I8. Although the angle of the arm changes as the shaft is rocked, the variations within the limits of movement of theoperating mechanism is so slight as to be inconsequential.

Preferably the pull of the cable is exactly perpendicular to the radius of the rocker arm at a mid point in its movement. If desired, the rocker arm may be in the form of a segment of a pulley as shown in Fig. 1A so that the pull of the cable will be exactly perpendicular to the eifective radius of the rocker arm at all times. The cable 22 is preferably sheathed in a conduit 2B secured to the wall of the blister 25 by a suitable fitting 21.

At the inner end of shaft I8 there is provided another rocker arm 23 connected by a link 29 to an equalizer bar III. The arm 28 and link 29 are arranged at approximately right anglesto one another. One end of the equalizer bar 39 is connected by a link 3| with the inner 'ends of an actuating lever `32 pivotally supported by a post 33 carried by the. back plate. The other end of the equalizing bar is similarly connected by a link 34 to an actuatingA lever 35 pivotally supported on a post 35. It will be seen that one of the actuating levers .32 is a primary lever. i. e., the pivot point is'located between the point of application of force and the load, while the other actuating lever 35 is a secondary lever i. e., the load is located between the pivot point and the point of application of force. Although one of the actuating levers is a primary lever and the other a secondary. the levers have the same mechanical advantage and the arrangements of the equalizing bar 39 and of the actuating levers assures that equal force is applied to both shoes.

The brake shoes are provided with suitable springs 31 for holding the shoes out of contact with the brake drum, except when the brakes are applied by operation of the actuating mechanism. Suitable stops 33 which may be adjustable as shown are provided for limiting the extent of movement ofthe brake shoes and actuating mechanism by the springs 31. To avoid torsional stresses the connecting links 29, 3| and 34 may be double or may have bifurcated ends so as to embrace the both sides of the connecting members.

As will be seenfrom Fig. l, the direction of pull of the link 3|y is substantially in the direction of movement of the inner end of actuating lever 32 to which the link isr connected, and the lever acts on the free endof brake shoe 4 in a direction substantially in liney with -the direction of movement of said free end. The same is true of link 34 and actuating lever 35, the links 3| and 34 being substantially parallel -to one another. Thus, the force is in each instance transmitted substantially in line with the direction of movement of the part to which the force is applied, assuring that the full force is utilized in applying the brake and wasted effort is avoided. i i

The direction of rotation of the vehicle wheel and attached brake drum 3 corresponding to forward motion of the vehicle is clockwise as viewed in Fig. 1, as `indicated by the arrow 39. It will be seen that with reference to this direction of rotaarrangement, the frictional engagement of the drum with the shoe tends to swing the shoe about its pivotin a clockwise direction, and hence into firmer contact with the drum. Both of the brake shoes 4 and 5 are hence .primary shoes and their braking action is increased by the self-energizing characteristic of .primary brake'shoes. Moreover, it will be appreciated that the braking action of the two shoes is equal Aand that the brake lining will be subjected to equal wear.

By reason of both brake shoes being primary shoes, as well as by reason ofthe simplicity of the linkage of the operating mechanism and the direct manner in which force for operating the shoes is transmitted, adequate braking action is obtained by the brake of the present invention without employing the high mechanical advantage heretofore considered necessary in mechanically operated brakes. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 4 the mechanical advantage of the linkage, i. e., the ratio of the travel of cable 22 to the movement of that point on each ofthe actuating levers at which the lever engages the roller I6, Il of the respective brake shoes is approximately '7 to 1 but a lever ratio is adequate. 'I'he effectiveness of the brake of the present invention isI further agumented by the novel arrangements for` accurately positioning each brake shoe. with respete to the brake drum. As the brake shoes are carried b-y the back plate which is attached to a iixedv part of the vehicle While the brake drum is attached to the wheel and rotates therewith, it is not possible as a practical pivot are movable in any direction parallelto the plane of the backing plate, and independently operable means are provided for moving the pivotmember in one direction to center the shoe. with respect tothe brake drum and in another direction approximately at right angles to the first to move `the brake shoe toward the drum to compensate for wear. It Will be understood that the `plane of the backing plate is perpendicular to the axis of the vehicle Wheel. As the arrangement for adjusting both pivot members 2 Aand |3is the same, the .same reference numerals will be used for corresponding parts. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the pivot member` |3 is carried by a base 40, slidably mounted, for example, by a tongue and groove arrangement ,(Fig. 3) on a slide f4|. for movement in Vadirection approximately radially of the back plate. The slide 4Ilis in turn slidably mounted in an aperture 42 in the back plate for movement in a direction substantially perpendicular to thedirection of movement `of the base 40. The

slide 4| is shown as being made in two pieces to facilitate assembly with the back plate. By movement .of thebase 40 relative to the silde 4|, the brake shoe, 5 can be .centered so that `when the brakeis` applied all `portions of the brake lining will'beanuniformly on the drum 3. By movement of the slide 4| relative tothe back plate, the brake shoe may be moved toward the brake drumto compensate for Wear of the lining. As

vshown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the means for moving the pivot member comprises coordinate screws 43 and 44 located approximately at right angles to one another. The screw 43 (Fig. 2) is fixed to the base 40 and engages a nut 45 rotatably received in a slot 46 in the back plate. As the nut 45 is held against movement in a direction axially of screw 43 by engagement with thevside of the slot 46, rotation of the nut will result .in Aaxial movement of the screw and base 40 relativeto the back plate. The nutl 45 projects through-.the slot 45 to the outside of the back plate so that it may be turned without dismantling the brakes and the periphery of the nut is serrated to facilitate turning the nut. A pawl 4l which is preferably resiliently pressed against the nut is provided to engage the serrations and hold the nut in the position to which it hasrbeen indexed. The screw 44 (Fig. 3) is secured to the back plate by bracket portions 48 and engages a nut 49 rotatably received in a slot 50 in slide 4|. As the screw shaft 44 is held against rotation or axial movement by the brackets 48 the rotation of the nuts will move the slide and hence the pivot member in a direction axially of screw 44. The nut 49 like nut 45 is accessible from the outside of the backing plate and may similarly be serrated and provided with a pawl 5|.

It will be understood that the centering adjustment of the brake shoe is effected by means of screw 43, while the Wear adjustment is effected by means of screw 44. Either adjustment can be made independently Without disturbing the other. As a matter of practice it has been found necessary to use the centering adjustment only at the time the brake is assembled with the wheel whereafter it is necessary only to take up the wear adjustment occasionally to compensate for the wear of the brake linings. The adjustment of the brake shoes in accordance with the invention thus insures effective engagement of the brake drum with the shoes throughout their entire braking area andcontributes to the effectiveness of the brake as a whole.

A further embodiment of my invention is shown in Figs. 5 to 9 in which corresponding partsare indicated by the same reference numerals as in Figs. 1 to 4, with the addition of 100. As the general arrangement is the same, thisembodiment will be described only briefly with emphasis on points of difference. The two brake shoes |04 and |05 `are both primary shoes and are loosely supported on the back plate |0| for pivotal movement about movable pivot members ||2 and ||3. vThe operating mechanism comprises a rocker arm |2`| on a shaft ||8 carrying asecond rocker arm |28 connected through a link |29, an equalizer bar |30 and links |3| and |34 with actuating levers |32 and |35 pivoted respectively at |33 and |36 on the back plate. The rocker arm |2| is located in'a blister |25 protruding outwardly from the back plate and a cable |22 extends out through the Wall of the blister in a straight line lying in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the wheel. The direction of pull of the cable is also substantially perpendicular to the radius of the rocker arm |2| and to a plane defined by the axis of shaft I8 and the radius of arm |2| so that the pull of the cable applies `maximum torque to shaft H8. The equalizing barY |30 is of arcuate form so that the bar occupies a minimum of space.

The actuating lever |32, a primary lever, is connected with the toe of b-rake shoe |04"by a link |60that extends substantially in line with the `direction of'application of force to the shoe,

lsothat for-ce dsttransmitted 'in a` direct dine :with maximum effectiveness. The 'pivotal connection of the lixik il Giliwith .the rshne. andwvith the actuatingileverprevents any-shifting of the'zpointcofLapplicationfnf'orceiand assures the samefleverage' ofithebrakesshoesfandconnectingmechanism by f .the-springs.

.'Ihe ;pivot members 'for the 'brake shoes .are floating:members,fsuppoittedrby, but unattached to (the'ba'ckplate andffreeto move'in anysdirectionA in afplane .perpendicular `.to thec-axiszof thezwheel,

.1.ie., in agplanegparallel to theplaneofxtheback plate. :Asthe arrangementioftthe two pivot zmembersislidenticaLtheifsame -reference :numerals .will beiused:forfcorrespondingzpartsiof each. In the form'shown each;piv.ot.fmembercomprises a;pin l |62-extending through. a hole in a .block |53.` The pin vfh|`r2 :has -a ihead EISA zand :is assembled with the block by a washer HSS and `.co-ttor pin |66, The iblock 4.6.3 4is cut:aWay :as 'indicated as v|61 .tofpermit the arcuate bearing l.surface l5 r'of vthe brake Vshoe :to'bear against pin 1| B2. yIn the form shown, :the 4web portion of the fbrake :shoe bears against yonly .one 'side 'of '.thepin .-|.62,;but it lmayiif :desired extend around 'the pin, The .head |6401 'the pin `Hi-2 lrests ion.a`flat bearing surface :|68 provided fon the iinner side of lthe back pl-ate and :has sliding Contact therewith. The Heating ,pivot Ymemberdszthus `free `to move in .al `direction Atofcenter Athe brake shoe with respectto-the-drum and/ orin av direction tozmove .theshoe .toward or'awayfrom .the drum.

As shown.infF.Lgs.:.5;6-and /themeans 'for .moving .the .floating pivot-,member to adjust Ythe position of the brake shoe comprises coordinate screwsM,and.|44,Y.Whichiaredisposedrat-approximately .right :angles to Eone :another -and are located `in vthe :same ,-plane,; namely; a :plane fparallel .toithe plane of ,the :back A:pl-ate fand hence .perpendicular '.to .the .axis of .the -wheel. The -screW L43 .is :threaded .through an inwardly .projecting support `lli!! provided on the backing plate, and .theiinner .end offisaidscrew ,engages iones-:side of .theblock |53.. The otheriscrewz|441is1likewise .threaded through anfinwardly projectingsupport `|0 and engages anothersideaof .ftheiblockjfil fat approximately right angles to the side engaged by screw m43. The blockzIlB isxsimwn'asibeing recessedffat 1h11 :and Mito reeeivezthe ends-ofithe screwsthearecesses beingllarger'rthan"theendsr o'f the fscrews :to ipermitfmovement 'of'.the djlock. )By propelling iorrretracting screw |43 'the block :PS3 and hence ithepivot aof the brake-;shoeiis .moved substantially :radially rof the back plate'to center the shoe withmespectntotheidrum. JBy pro- .pellingfer :retracting :the screw i444, the pvot of .the 'brakezshoeris moved .at :approximately/'right angleszto .its ldirection auf movement by "screw -|43 .to vadjust .ithe idistance 'zbetween :the :shoe and 'the .drum :and therebycompensate for Wear without in fany .way :disturbing .the centering adjustment. The ,block 1|33 l is zheld Vagainst .the .end .of :screw .|144 fbysthe :springs 31 v'actirigion .the lJorake ,.shoe. The;blockiisfheldiagainst-screw ll 43 :by amesilient element :shown .in the t form infiel-:spring :plunger ill!) ,riesigem .jecting :support :|14 :on thexback l.plate :and the pressure .of the yspring fcan :be .adjusted zhy :means .o'f :a threaded .plug .1:15 closing the touteraends of the hole lflizthrough .which the: spring iplungeris `inserted :in :assembling the'xbrake. By .reason Aof springs i L31 land li'l fthe 'co ordinatescrews |43 :and 2h44 :are icapable :of .moving 4.the ipivot :.member. .in any fdirecti'onzparallel to the .plane of fthe :back

plate. l

. lIo .'facilitate :adjustment :of :the .brake zwithout .removingathe wheel, provision is' madeior turning .the :coordinate iscrews i |43 .and .|44 .from outside the back plate IUI. vIn the vembodiment shown this accomplished by; providing '.the :back plate with mecessesfor4 pockets vl'llfand |118 into .which .the .pins fofy .the :screws lproject :so that the heads :are accessible from .outside .the back. plateeand may be turned .by :a isuitable Wrench. The. coordinate iscrewsfaremrovided .withmeans ioriholdin g l.them :in .the i position' to' which they ihave.A been indexed. This may :be :in .the-.form .of resilient pawls lil-aand .l i engaging indexingmemberson the screwswhich mayzbe the heads of theiscrews or: serratedxdiscs 18| and.|8'2 as shown. As illus.- trated ini-Figs. 5, 6.and.81the pawls. areiformed by a 'flat .L-shaped spring member `mountedionthe inner side fof ,the .back'plate-.and :having end :portions .bent at` right angles and extending out ,through slots in lthe .back plate :intorengagement .with .the index members. :By-[means of .the iar- .ran-gement shown, an extremely. simple, .conven- .ientand accurate adjustment .of .the-brake shoes is lprovided. y f l i IA modification of the ibrake of Figs. f5 .to .-.9 .is .shown .in Figs. r10 -and.l'1. :The link260 instead .of .being connected i to f actuating lever .I 32 .and 4to .brake;shoe.|4 -by pivot pins .as .innthe caseaof .Fig 5, is Y. provided with arcuate fbearing :ends -fitting finto ,arcuate .recesses :or ipockets 290 :and ,29Min the actuating lever and `the '.web of '.the `brakeshoe respectively. tProvisionis madeior example, \by providing -the link vwith .flanges .282 vto --prevent .lateral fdisplacement'of :the .link relative to the actuating lever fand `the web-of athe .brakeshoa .As the `linkZillisiatzall .times under .compression b y `reason/.of :the spring t3] acting .on-the brake shoe, .it will be held rmly'in place. In assembling the brake, the .link v26|) .may Abe easily and quickly snapped into position. Itwill Abe y.understood thatv the linkzconnectingithe `other `'shoe with vits .actuating ;1ever;may besimilarly formed.

What I claim andidesire to. secure :by Letters fPatent is: l 1 l -1. In .a brake Effor la,.vehicle wheel having a `brake drum,l the Acombination of a back 4lplate, two primary br'ake :shoes .movably supported yon said plate, azmova'ble pivotmemberfpivotally supporting oneiend .of `each :brake shoe and coordinate, screws ydisposed :on intersecting .lines 'for .movingsaid pivot members relative to said back plate, one'of .said'screws beingearranged'to move zthe pivot member-.in a idirectionrtocenter the .brake shoe yrelative .to the .drum and another of .fsaidscrews rbeing arranged to lmove thev brake shoe towards the drum'tocompensatevforlwear. 2.. VIn :a :brake fiorv .a "vehicle :Wheel .having a .brake drum, thevcombination'ora back .'plate,.a .floating pivot member .slidably supported onf the LbackI plate y.forfmovement .in any direction parallel .tothe plane of said :plate, a :brake 'shoe .pivoted ionsaid'pivot member '.andcoordinate screws for moving said `ipivot Vmember =relaltive to the *back fplate.

|13, The sprnglfwiscarriedzbvan inwardlwprom5 v3. 'In fa brake for a vehicle-wheelfhaving Aa brake drum, the combination of a back plate, a floating pivot member supported for movement in any direction in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel, a brake shoe pivoted at vone end on said pivot member, coordinate screws for moving said pivot members radially outwardly of the back plate and also in a direction to move the brake shoe towards the drum to compensate for wear, and resilient elements for moving the pivot member in opposite directions.

4. In a ybrake for a vehicle wheel having a brake drum, the combination of a back plate, a pivot member supported on the inner side of the back plate for movement in any direction parallel to the plane of said Iplate, a brake shoe pivoted on said pivot member, coordinate screws for moving said pivot member relative to the back plate and means accessible on the outer side of the back plate for turning each of said screws.

5. In a brake for a vehicle wheel having a brake drum, the combination of a back plate, a pivot member supported on the inner side of the back plate for movement in any direction parallel to the plane of said plate, a brake shoe pivoted on said member, coordinate screws for moving said pivot member relative to the back plate, means accessible from the outer side of the back plate for rotating said screws, and resilient pawls mounted on the inner side of the back plate and engaging an index member on the outer side of said plate to hold the said screws in the position to which they have been rotated.

6. In a brake for a vehicle wheel having a brake drum, the combination of a back plate, a floating pivot member slidably supported on the inner side of the back plate for movement in any direction parallel to the plane of said plate, said pivot member having an arcuatebearing surface, a brake shoe having an arcuate bearing surface engaging the bearing surface of the pivot member to adapt the shoe for pivotal movement about said pivot member, adjusting means for moving the pivot member in a direction to center the brake shoe with respect to the brake drum, adjusting means for moving the pivot member towards the brake drum to compensate for wear, and means accessible from the outer side of the back plate for operating each of said adjusting means.

7. In a brake for a vehicle wheel, the combination of a back plate, a brake shoe movably mounted on the inner side of said plate, said back plate being provided with a pocket opening to the outer side of said plate and projecting on the inner side of said plate, said pocket having a threaded opening through a side wall thereof, a rotatable screw extending through said opening and engaging the threads thereof, and having a head portion disposed in said pocket where it is accessible from outside the back plate and an inner portion cooperating with the brake shoe to adjust the position of said shoe relative to the back plate by rotation of said screw, and a resilient pawl mounted on the inner side of the back plate and engaging an index member on the outer` side of said plate to hold said screw in the position to which it has been rotated.

8. In a brake for a vehicle Wheel having a brake drum, the combination of a back plate forming with said brake drum a substantially closed space, a pivot member supported on the inner side of the back plate for movement in any direction parallel to the plane of said plate, a brake shoe pivoted on said pivot member, and coordinate screws for moving said pivot member relative to the back plate, each of said screws extending through said back plate and having a head portion accessible on the outer side of the back plate for turning said screws to adjust the position of said pivot member.

ASBURY S. EDMONDS. 

